How long should hands be washed to effectively remove germs?

Washing hands for 20 seconds is endorsed by health organizations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as the optimal duration for effectively removing germs, dirt, and other contaminants. This time frame ensures that soap can penetrate surfaces thoroughly and that the mechanical action of scrubbing helps to dislodge microorganisms.

During these 20 seconds, it's important to scrub all areas of the hands, including between the fingers, under the nails, and around the wrists, to maximize germ removal. Shorter durations, like 10 or 15 seconds, may not provide ample time for the soap to work effectively, and may leave some germs behind. While washing for 30 seconds is often viewed as more thorough, studies indicate that 20 seconds is sufficient for optimal hand hygiene without being excessive.