What is the primary way Yersinia enterocolitica is transmitted?

Yersinia enterocolitica is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. This bacterium is commonly associated with undercooked or raw foods, particularly pork products, as well as unpasteurized milk and untreated water. Once ingested, it can multiply in the intestines and cause gastrointestinal illness, known as yersiniosis.

The route of transmission emphasizes the importance of proper food handling and cooking practices to prevent infection. Ensuring that food is cooked to safe temperatures and avoiding cross-contamination are crucial steps in controlling the spread of this pathogen. While Yersinia enterocolitica can be found in other environments—for example, it may exist in the feces of infected animals—its primary transmission pathway is through contaminated food and water rather than contact with skin, individuals, or as airborne droplets.